Lesson · phase 4

Basic King & Pawn Endgames

Key squares, opposition, and essential pawn endgame patterns

Key Squares

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. . . . . . . k
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. P . . . . . .
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. . . . . . K .
b4!

Can the Black king catch the pawn?

. . . . . k . .
. . . K . . . .
. . . . P . . .
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e7+!

In this configuration in king and pawn endgames the pawn cannot be stopped, it will be able to promote

. . . . k . . .
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. . . K P . . .
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. . . . . . . .
e7!

What are the key squares White needs to reach?

. . . k . . . .
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. . . K P . . .
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. . . . . . . .
e7+!

Can white win?

. . . . . . . k
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . K P
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h7!

These positions are always draw with the side pawns, the black king just need to alternate g8 -> h7 -> g8 until white pushes the pawn into a draw

. . . k . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . P . . .
. . . K . . . .
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. . . . . . . .
Ke8!

Black can hold this position to a draw, the rule to remember is that as soon as white king goes to either of the squares next to the pawn we need to take opposition (meet the white king)

. . . . k . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . K . . .
. . . . P . . .
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Kd6!

We reached the sixth row one step infront of our pawn, so we know its winning

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. . . . . k . .
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. . . . K . . .
. . . . P . . .
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Kd6!

Here's an example where white reaches the winning square two steps infront, this always wins, just be careful when you push the pawn that you dont push too fast

Practical Techniques

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. . . . k . . .
. . . . P . . .
. . . P . . . .
. . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . .
. . . . K . . .
Kf2!

Two connected passed pawns are very strong, if the black king takes our d5 pawn he is not in time to stop the e6 pawn from promoting!

. . . . . . . k
. . . . . . . P
. . . . . . P .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . K .
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. . . . . . . .
Kf4!

This is a special case where black tries to hold draw with stalemate, white has a way to win, let's see how

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. . K . p . . .
. . . . P . k .
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Kd7!

Important move here, we want to put black in zugswang (every move becomes worse position)

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. . . . K . . p
. . . . . . p .
. k . . . . P .
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. . . . . . . .
Kf5!

Try to calculate if we can reach any of these squares already from this position, good visualization practise! We know its winning if we manage to take both the pawns and reach one of those squares

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. k . . . p p p
. . . p . . . .
P K . . . . . .
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. . . . . P P P
. . . . . . . .
a6+!

An outside passed pawn decoys the enemy king away from the main theater. After the opponent captures, the attacking king raids the undefended pawns.

Should White push a6+?

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. . . . . p p p
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. . . . . P P P
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k p . . . . . .
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. K . . . . . .
g6!

A classic three-pawn breakthrough. One of White's pawns will queen regardless of how Black captures.

Basic King & Pawn Endgames

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. . . k . . . .
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. . . P K . . .
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Kd4!
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. . . k . . . .
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. . . K P . . .
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Ke5!

Now try to hold this position without losing against the engine, use the theory to take opposition as soon as white steps next to his pawn. If your position is losing then you fail the challenge, good luck!

Pawn Structures

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. . k . . . . .
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. . K . . . . .
. . P . . . . .
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. . P . . . . .
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Kd5!

With doubled pawns, hold the rear pawn far back. It serves as a tempo move to transfer the turn to your opponent. Without the c2 pawn, White to move would draw.

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. . . k . . . .
. . . . p . . .
. K . . P . . .
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Kb6!

Outside Pawns & Breakthroughs

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. k . . p . . .
. . . . P . . .
. . K P . . . .
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. . . . . . . .
d5!

With an extra pawn and the move, White turns the previous drawn position into a win. The d-pawn provides the tempo to break through. Advancing the extra pawn.

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